「相信」到底是什么意思？是理智上的同意，还是更多？
What does 'believe' really mean? Is it just intellectual agreement, or something more?
简答 Short Answer
圣经中的「信」包含三个层面：认知（知道福音的事实）、赞同（承认这些是真的）、信靠（把自己交托给基督）。缺了信靠，就不是真正的信心。
Biblical 'faith' involves three dimensions: knowledge (knowing gospel facts), assent (affirming they are true), and trust (entrusting yourself to Christ). Without trust, it's not genuine faith.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
改革宗神学传统地把信心分为三个要素（拉丁文：notitia, assensus, fiducia）：
1. **认知（Notitia）**：信心需要内容。你必须知道福音说了什么——耶稣是谁、祂做了什么、为什么你需要祂。没有知识的信是迷信。
2. **赞同（Assensus）**：不只是知道，还要认为这是真的。魔鬼也「信」有一位神，但只是知道事实（雅各书2:19）。
3. **信靠（Fiducia）**：这是信心的核心。不只是相信关于耶稣的事实，而是把你自己——你的罪、你的生命、你的永恒——交托给祂。就像知道一把椅子能承重（认知+赞同）和真的坐上去（信靠）是不同的。
**《海德堡要理问答》第21问**对信心的定义非常精彩：「真信心不仅是一种确实的知识，借此我认为神在圣经中向我们所启示的一切都是真实的，同时也是一种坚定的信靠，是圣灵借着福音在我心中产生的，使我确知不仅别人，就是我，也从神白白获得了罪的赦免、永远的义和救恩。」
信心不是人自己能产生的，而是圣灵的恩赐（以弗所书2:8）。但人有责任回应这个恩赐——用全部的心思、情感和意志来信靠基督。
Reformed theology traditionally analyzes faith into three elements (Latin: notitia, assensus, fiducia):
1. **Knowledge (Notitia)**: Faith requires content. You must know what the gospel says — who Jesus is, what He did, why you need Him. Faith without knowledge is superstition.
2. **Assent (Assensus)**: Not just knowing but affirming it as true. Demons also 'believe' there is one God, but merely know the facts (James 2:19).
3. **Trust (Fiducia)**: This is the heart of faith. Not just believing facts about Jesus but entrusting yourself — your sin, your life, your eternity — to Him. It's the difference between knowing a chair can hold your weight (knowledge + assent) and actually sitting in it (trust).
**The Heidelberg Catechism Q21** defines faith beautifully: 'True faith is not only a sure knowledge by which I hold as true all that God has revealed to us in Scripture; it is also a wholehearted trust, which the Holy Spirit creates in me by the gospel, that not only others but I too have had my sins forgiven, have been made right with God forever, and have been granted salvation.'
Faith is not something humans can produce on their own — it's a gift of the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8). But we are responsible to respond to this gift — trusting Christ with our whole mind, heart, and will.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •Heidelberg Catechism Q&A 21
- •What Is Faith? (R.C. Sproul)
- •Saving Faith (Thomas Schreiner)