耶稣在地上时是否全知？祂说不知道末日的时间是什么意思？
Was Jesus omniscient on earth? What does it mean that He said He didn't know the time of the end?
简答 Short Answer
耶稣在道成肉身期间自愿限制了祂神性某些属性的使用。祂的人性确实有有限的知识，但这并不否认祂的神性是全知的。
During the incarnation, Jesus voluntarily limited the exercise of certain divine attributes. His human nature had genuine limits of knowledge, but this doesn't deny that His divine nature is omniscient.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
马可福音13:32记载耶稣说：「但那日子，那时辰，没有人知道，连天上的使者也不知道，子也不知道，惟有父知道。」这段经文确实令人困惑，但它可以从道成肉身的角度来理解。
腓立比书2:6-7说，基督「本有上帝的形像」，却「虚己」取了奴仆的形像。这种「虚己」（kenosis）不是说祂放弃了神性属性，而是说祂自愿不使用某些神性特权。按照祂的人性，耶稣像所有人一样经历成长和学习（路2:52）。按照祂的神性，祂仍然是全知的上帝。
改革宗神学强调「属性相通」（communicatio idiomatum）的教义：因为两个本性联合在一个位格中，所以可以将一个本性的属性归于整个位格。因此我们可以说「上帝为我们死了」（按人性而死）和「这个人创造了世界」（按神性而创造）。耶稣说「子也不知道」是就祂的人性说的，并不否认祂的神性是无所不知的。
Mark 13:32 records Jesus saying: 'But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.' This is puzzling, but it can be understood through the lens of the incarnation.
Philippians 2:6-7 says Christ, 'though he was in the form of God,' 'emptied himself' taking the form of a servant. This 'emptying' (kenosis) doesn't mean He abandoned divine attributes but voluntarily chose not to exercise certain divine prerogatives. According to His human nature, Jesus grew and learned like all humans (Luke 2:52). According to His divine nature, He remained the omniscient God.
Reformed theology emphasizes the doctrine of the communicatio idiomatum (communication of attributes): because two natures are united in one person, attributes of one nature can be predicated of the whole person. So we can say 'God died for us' (dying according to human nature) and 'this man created the world' (creating according to divine nature). Jesus saying 'nor the Son' speaks according to His human nature and doesn't deny that His divine nature is omniscient.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •The Person of Christ (Donald Macleod)
- •Jesus the Son of God (D.A. Carson)