痛苦的奥秘
The Problem of Pain
C.S. 路易斯 / C.S. Lewis
简介 Summary
路易斯系统探讨苦难问题：一位全善全能的上帝为何允许痛苦存在？他从上帝的全善、全能、人的自由意志、罪的后果、灵魂塑造等多个角度回应这一古老难题。本书逻辑严密、见解深刻，是基督教回应苦难问题的经典之作。
Lewis systematically addresses the problem of suffering: why does an all-good, all-powerful God allow pain? He responds from multiple angles—God's goodness, omnipotence, human free will, consequences of sin, and soul-making. Rigorous and insightful, this is the classic Christian response to the problem of pain.
📑 章节 Chapters
Ch.1: Introductory
路易斯回顾自己曾经的无神论立场——宇宙的残酷曾是他否认上帝的最大理由。他承认苦难问题的严肃性，并概述全书将如何回应。
Lewis recalls his former atheism—the cruelty of the universe was his strongest reason for denying God. He acknowledges the seriousness of the problem of pain and outlines the book's approach.
“If the universe is so bad, or even half so bad, how on earth did human beings ever come to attribute it to the activity of a wise and good Creator? 如果宇宙如此糟糕，甚至只有一半那么糟糕，人类怎么会把它归于一位智慧善良的创造者的作为呢？”
Ch.2: Divine Omnipotence
全能不意味着上帝能做逻辑上自相矛盾的事（如造一块自己举不起的石头）。一个有自由意志的受造界必然包含痛苦的可能性——这不是上帝的限制，而是逻辑的本质。
Omnipotence does not mean God can do the logically self-contradictory (like making a stone He cannot lift). A world with free will necessarily includes the possibility of pain—this is not God's limitation but the nature of logic.
“His Omnipotence means power to do all that is intrinsically possible, not to do the intrinsically impossible. 他的全能意味着有能力做一切内在可能的事，而不是做内在不可能的事。”
Ch.3: Divine Goodness
上帝的爱不是纵容的溺爱，而是追求我们最高益处的爱。就像好父亲不会因孩子哭闹就放弃管教。上帝的良善有时意味着允许痛苦来促成更大的善。
God's love is not indulgent permissiveness but love that seeks our highest good. Like a good father who does not abandon discipline because a child cries. God's goodness sometimes means allowing pain to accomplish greater good.
“Love is something more stern and splendid than mere kindness. 爱是比单纯的仁慈更加严厉和壮丽的东西。”
“What would really satisfy us would be a God who said of anything we happened to like doing, 'What does it matter so long as they are contented?' We want, in fact, not so much a Father in Heaven as a grandfather in heaven. 真正能让我们满意的是这样一位上帝——对我们碰巧喜欢做的任何事说：'只要他们高兴，有什么关系呢？'我们想要的其实不是天上的父亲，而是天上的祖父。”
Ch.4: Human Wickedness
现代人低估了罪的严重性。我们必须先承认自己的罪和败坏，才能理解为什么上帝允许痛苦——痛苦部分是罪的自然后果，部分是上帝的管教和唤醒。
Modern people underestimate the gravity of sin. We must first acknowledge our sin and corruption to understand why God allows pain—partly as sin's natural consequence, partly as God's discipline and wake-up call.
“We have a strange illusion that mere time cancels sin. 我们有一种奇怪的幻觉，以为仅仅时间的流逝就能抵消罪。”
Ch.5: The Fall of Man
人类最初被造是善的，但通过堕落选择了自我意志。堕落不只是一个历史事件，更是持续的人类状况——每个人都在重复亚当的选择。
Humanity was originally created good but chose self-will through the fall. The fall is not merely a historical event but an ongoing human condition—everyone repeats Adam's choice.
“From the moment a creature becomes aware of God as God and of itself as self, the terrible alternative of choosing God or self for the centre is opened to it. 从一个受造物意识到上帝是上帝、自己是自己的那一刻起，选择上帝还是自我作为中心这个可怕的选择就向它敞开了。”
Ch.6: Human Pain
痛苦有多重功能：它是警报系统（提醒我们出了问题）、是管教工具（促使我们回转）、更是'上帝的扩音器'。人在安逸中忽视上帝，在痛苦中才开始寻求他。
Pain serves multiple functions: as an alarm system (warning something is wrong), as discipline (prompting us to turn back), and as 'God's megaphone.' In comfort people ignore God; in pain they begin to seek Him.
“God whispers to us in our pleasures, speaks in our conscience, but shouts in our pains: it is His megaphone to rouse a deaf world. 上帝在我们的快乐中低语，在我们的良心中说话，但在我们的痛苦中呐喊：痛苦是他唤醒聋了的世界的扩音器。”
“Pain insists upon being attended to. God whispers to us in our pleasures, speaks in our conscience, but shouts in our pains. 痛苦坚持要被关注。上帝在我们的快乐中低语，在我们的良心中说话，但在我们的痛苦中呐喊。”
Ch.7: Human Pain (continued)
路易斯进一步探讨痛苦中的牺牲和顺服。十字架是苦难的中心——基督自愿承受最深的痛苦。苦难可以成为与基督同行的方式。
Lewis further explores sacrifice and submission in suffering. The cross is the center of suffering—Christ voluntarily bore the deepest pain. Suffering can become a way of walking with Christ.
“The Christian doctrine of suffering explains, I believe, a very curious fact about the world we live in... the settled happiness and security which we all desire, God withholds from us by the very nature of the world. 我相信，基督教关于苦难的教义解释了我们所生活的世界的一个非常奇怪的事实……我们都渴望的安定的幸福和安全，上帝通过这个世界的本质就扣留了。”
Ch.8: Hell
地狱是路易斯不愿讨论但必须面对的话题。地狱不是上帝任性的惩罚，而是人持续拒绝上帝的最终结果。如果人坚持说'我的旨意成就'，上帝最终会说'好吧，你的旨意成就'。
Hell is a topic Lewis wishes he could avoid but must address. Hell is not God's arbitrary punishment but the ultimate result of persistently rejecting God. If a person insists 'My will be done,' God finally says 'Thy will be done.'
“I willingly believe that the damned are, in one sense, successful, rebels to the end; that the doors of hell are locked on the inside. 我愿意相信，被定罪的人在某种意义上是成功的——至死不渝的叛逆者；地狱的门是从里面锁上的。”
Ch.9: Animal Pain
路易斯承认这是最困难的问题之一。动物的痛苦不能用人的罪来解释。他谨慎地提出几种可能的思路，承认这一问题超出了人类完全理解的范围。
Lewis admits this is among the hardest questions. Animal pain cannot be explained by human sin. He cautiously suggests several possible approaches, acknowledging this problem exceeds full human comprehension.
“So far as we know beasts are incapable either of sin or virtue: therefore they can neither deserve pain nor be improved by it. 据我们所知，动物既不能犯罪也不能行善：因此它们既不值得受苦，也不能通过受苦而改善。”
Ch.10: Heaven
全书以天堂的盼望收尾。痛苦不是最终的故事——荣耀才是。路易斯描述天堂的喜乐将使今生的一切苦难变得微不足道。我们心中那无法满足的渴望，正是天堂在呼唤。
The book closes with the hope of heaven. Pain is not the final story—glory is. Lewis describes how heaven's joy will render all earthly suffering insignificant. Our insatiable longing is heaven calling us home.
“All the leaves of the New Testament are rustling with the rumour that it will not always be so. Some day, God willing, we shall get in. 新约的每一页都在沙沙作响，传递着一个信息：不会永远如此。终有一天，若上帝愿意，我们会进去。”