魔鬼家书
The Screwtape Letters
C.S. 路易斯 / C.S. Lewis
简介 Summary
一部以魔鬼视角写成的讽刺杰作。资深魔鬼史鳖头写给侄子蛆蠕的31封信，指导他如何引诱一个年轻的基督徒偏离信仰。通过反面视角，路易斯深刻揭示了人性的弱点、试探的本质和属灵争战的真实。全书充满机智与洞察，是理解基督徒日常属灵挑战的经典之作。
A satirical masterpiece written from a demon's perspective. Senior devil Screwtape writes 31 letters to his nephew Wormwood, instructing him on how to tempt a young Christian away from faith. Through this inverted viewpoint, Lewis profoundly reveals human weaknesses, the nature of temptation, and the reality of spiritual warfare. Witty and insightful, it remains a classic for understanding everyday spiritual challenges.
📑 章节 Chapters
Preface
路易斯解释本书的写作背景和形式。他以魔鬼的口吻写作，一切善恶颠倒：魔鬼口中的'敌人'是上帝，'我们的父'是撒但。读者需要时刻记住这种反转视角。
Lewis explains the book's premise and format. Writing from a devil's voice, all values are inverted: the 'Enemy' is God, 'Our Father Below' is Satan. Readers must constantly remember this reversed perspective.
“There are two equal and opposite errors into which our race can fall about the devils. One is to disbelieve in their existence. The other is to believe, and to feel an excessive and unhealthy interest in them. 关于魔鬼，人类可能犯两种相反而同样严重的错误。一种是不相信魔鬼的存在。另一种是相信，并对他们产生过度的、不健康的兴趣。”
Letter 1: Reason and Materialism
史鳖头建议蛆蠕不要用理性论证来对付信徒，因为理性最终会引人归向上帝。更好的策略是让他沉浸在'真实生活'的感觉中，让日常琐事淹没属灵思考。
Screwtape advises Wormwood not to use rational argument against the believer, as reason ultimately leads to God. Better to immerse him in the feeling of 'real life,' letting daily trivia drown spiritual reflection.
“Your man has been accustomed, ever since he was a boy, to having a dozen incompatible philosophies dancing about together inside his head. 你的病人从小就习惯了让十几种互相矛盾的哲学在脑子里一起跳舞。”
Letter 2: The Worldly Church
当病人开始去教会时，史鳖头教蛆蠕利用教会的不完美——令人失望的会众、无聊的讲道——来动摇他的信仰。让他注意人的缺点而非上帝的真理。
When the patient starts attending church, Screwtape teaches Wormwood to exploit church imperfections—disappointing congregants, boring sermons—to shake his faith. Focus on human flaws, not God's truth.
“When he gets to his pew and looks round him he sees just that selection of his neighbours whom he has hitherto avoided. 当他走到座位上环顾四周时，他看到的正是那些他一直以来避免接触的邻居。”
Letter 3: Relations with His Mother
史鳖头指导如何利用家庭关系中的摩擦——尤其是与母亲之间的小烦恼——来破坏信徒的灵命。日常的小恼怒比大罪更有效地腐蚀灵魂。
Screwtape instructs how to exploit family friction—especially petty annoyances with his mother—to undermine the believer's spiritual life. Daily irritations corrode the soul more effectively than great sins.
“The sort of thing I mean is this. Keep his mind on the inner life... make his prayers real — and then turn his attention to the faults of his mother. 我的意思是这样：让他的心思集中在内在生活上……让他的祷告变得真实——然后把他的注意力转到他母亲的毛病上。”
Letter 4: Manipulating Prayer
史鳖头教导如何破坏祷告生活：让信徒关注自己祷告的感觉和姿势，而非真正与上帝交流。让祷告变成自我审视的操练，而非仰望上帝。
Screwtape teaches how to sabotage prayer life: make the believer focus on feelings and postures during prayer rather than genuinely communicating with God. Turn prayer into self-examination rather than looking to God.
“The best thing, where it is possible, is to keep the patient from the serious intention of praying altogether. 最好的办法，如果可能的话，是让病人完全远离认真祷告的意图。”
Letter 5: Exploiting War
二战背景下，史鳖头讨论如何利用战争的恐惧和不确定来引诱人。但他警告：战争也可能让人更认真地思考永恒，这对魔鬼不利。
Against the WWII backdrop, Screwtape discusses exploiting wartime fear and uncertainty. But he warns: war can also make people think seriously about eternity, which works against the devils.
“Of course a war is entertaining... But what permanent good does it do us unless we make use of it for bringing souls to Our Father Below? 战争当然很有趣……但除非我们利用它把灵魂带到我们在下的父那里，否则它对我们有什么永久的好处？”
Letter 6: Cowardice and Courage
史鳖头讨论如何利用恐惧。最好的策略不是让病人成为懦夫，而是让他对自己的怯懦产生羞耻，从而在不知不觉中使骄傲取代恐惧。
Screwtape discusses exploiting fear. The best strategy is not making the patient a coward, but making him ashamed of his cowardice, so pride subtly replaces fear.
“Hatred we can manage. The tension of human nerves during noise and danger and fatigue provides admirable opportunities. 仇恨我们能管理。噪音、危险和疲劳中人类神经的紧张提供了极好的机会。”
Letter 7: True and False Causes
史鳖头谈论让信徒在不同极端之间摇摆——极端的爱国主义或极端的和平主义都可以利用。关键是让他为某个地上的事业投入全部热情，而忘记天国。
Screwtape discusses swinging believers between extremes—extreme patriotism or pacifism both serve. The key is channeling all passion into an earthly cause, forgetting heaven.
“Let him begin by treating the Patriotism or the Pacifism as a part of his religion. Then let him, under the influence of partisan spirit, come to regard it as the most important part. 先让他把爱国主义或和平主义当作他信仰的一部分。然后在党派精神的影响下，让他把它当作最重要的部分。”
Letter 8: The Law of Undulation
人类的灵命有高潮和低谷的自然波动。史鳖头解释魔鬼应在信徒灵命低谷时发动攻击，让他以为上帝已经抛弃了他，使'感觉'取代信心。
Human spiritual life naturally undulates between peaks and troughs. Screwtape explains devils should attack during spiritual troughs, making the believer think God has abandoned him, replacing faith with feelings.
“Humans are amphibians — half spirit and half animal... As spirits they belong to the eternal world, but as animals they inhabit time. 人类是两栖动物——一半是灵，一半是动物……作为灵，他们属于永恒的世界，但作为动物，他们住在时间中。”
Letter 9: Sensibility and Will
低谷时期对上帝最有价值，因为这时人的顺服是真正出于意志而非感觉。上帝（在魔鬼口中是'敌人'）要的是人在看不见时仍然信靠的自由选择。
Trough periods are most valuable to God because obedience then comes from will, not feeling. God (the 'Enemy' in devil-speak) wants the free choice to trust when one cannot see.
“Our cause is never more in danger than when a human, no longer desiring, but still intending to do our Enemy's will, looks round upon a universe from which every trace of Him seems to have vanished. 我们的事业从来没有比这更危险的时候：一个人不再渴望、但仍然决意遵行我们敌人的旨意，环顾一个上帝的每一丝踪迹似乎都消失了的宇宙。”
Letter 10: Dangerous Friends
病人交了一些世俗化的朋友。史鳖头教导如何利用社交圈来拉远信徒与上帝的距离——不是通过明显的恶，而是通过时髦、虚荣和对信仰的嘲讽态度。
The patient makes worldly friends. Screwtape teaches how to use social circles to distance the believer from God—not through obvious evil but through fashionableness, vanity, and a sneering attitude toward faith.
“The fine flower of unholiness can grow only in the close neighbourhood of the Holy. 不圣洁最精致的花朵，只能在圣洁的近旁生长。”
Letter 11: Laughter and Joy
史鳖头分析不同类型的笑：真正的喜乐和幽默对魔鬼有害，因为它们来自上帝。可以利用的是嘲笑和淫秽的笑——前者源于骄傲，后者指向堕落。
Screwtape analyzes types of laughter: genuine joy and humor harm the devil's cause since they come from God. Useful kinds are mockery (rooted in pride) and obscene laughter (pointing to degradation).
“Fun is closely related to Joy — a sort of emotional protest against the real universe... and Joy is the serious business of Heaven. 快乐与喜乐密切相关——一种对真实宇宙的情感抗议……而喜乐是天堂的正经事。”
Letter 12: Gradual Decline
最安全的通往地狱之路是缓坡——温和、柔软、没有急转弯、没有路标。让病人慢慢远离上帝，自己都察觉不到正在滑落。
The safest road to hell is the gradual one—gentle slope, soft underfoot, no sudden turns, no milestones. Let the patient slowly drift from God, unaware he is slipping.
“Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual one — the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts. 的确，通往地狱最安全的路是渐进的——缓坡，脚下柔软，没有急转弯，没有里程碑，没有路标。”
Letter 13: Real and False Pleasures
病人经历了真正的悔改和更新，这令史鳖头沮丧。他提醒蛆蠕：上帝给人真正的快乐，魔鬼只能提供赝品。人离上帝越近，越能享受真正的快乐。
The patient experiences genuine repentance and renewal, frustrating Screwtape. He reminds Wormwood: God gives real pleasures, devils only counterfeits. The closer to God, the more one enjoys true pleasure.
“He has filled His world full of pleasures... He has a bourgeois mind. He has filled His world full of pleasures. 他给他的世界充满了快乐……他有一个小市民的心思。他给他的世界充满了快乐。”
Letter 14: True Humility
史鳖头讨论如何歪曲谦卑。魔鬼对谦卑的定义是自我贬低；上帝对谦卑的定义是不再想到自己——把注意力完全放在上帝和他人身上。
Screwtape discusses distorting humility. The devil's version is self-deprecation; God's version is simply not thinking about yourself at all—attention fully on God and others.
“The Enemy wants to bring the man to a state of mind in which he could design the best cathedral in the world, and know it to be the best, and rejoice in the fact, without being any more (or less) or otherwise glad at having done it than he would be if it had been done by another. 敌人想把这个人带到这样一种心态：他能设计出世界上最好的大教堂，知道它是最好的，并为此欢喜，却不会因为是自己做的而比别人做的更高兴（或更不高兴）。”
Letter 15: Manipulating the Sense of Time
史鳖头教导利用人对未来的恐惧和对过去的怀念。上帝要人活在当下——因为当下是永恒触摸时间的点。魔鬼要人活在焦虑的未来或怀旧的过去。
Screwtape teaches exploiting fear of the future and nostalgia for the past. God wants people in the present—where eternity touches time. Devils want people in an anxious future or nostalgic past.
“The Present is the point at which time touches eternity. 现在是时间触摸永恒的那个点。”
Letter 16: Church Shopping
史鳖头建议让信徒不断换教会——追求'合适的'教会而非在一个教会中扎根成长。教会消费主义是属灵成长的大敌。
Screwtape suggests keeping the believer church-hopping—seeking the 'right' church rather than putting down roots. Church consumerism is a great enemy of spiritual growth.
“If a man can't be cured of churchgoing, the next best thing is to send him all over the neighbourhood looking for the church that 'suits' him. 如果一个人无法戒掉上教会的习惯，次好的办法就是让他在整个街区寻找'适合'他的教会。”
Letter 17: Gluttony Transformed
暴食不只是吃得多，也包括对食物过分挑剔。史鳖头描述病人母亲如何以'我只要一点点'的精致需求来折磨周围的人——这是一种变相的暴食和自私。
Gluttony is not only overeating but excessive fussiness about food. Screwtape describes how the patient's mother torments everyone with her 'just a tiny bit' refined demands—a disguised gluttony and selfishness.
“She is a positive terror to hostesses and servants. She is always turning from what has been offered her to say with a demure little sigh, 'Oh please, please... all I want is a cup of tea, weak but not too weak, and the teeniest weeniest bit of really crisp toast.' 她对女主人和仆人来说简直是个灾难。她总是转过头去对着端来的东西，带着一个端庄的小叹息说：'哦，拜托拜托……我只要一杯茶，淡一点但别太淡，再来一小小片真正烤脆的吐司就好。'”
Letter 18: Sexual Temptation and Love
史鳖头讨论如何歪曲人对性和婚姻的认识。魔鬼的策略：要么让人把性欲当作爱情，要么让人把浪漫感觉绝对化。真正的爱是意志的决定。
Screwtape discusses distorting views of sex and marriage. Devil's strategy: either equate lust with love, or absolutize romantic feelings. True love is an act of the will.
“The whole philosophy of Hell rests on recognition of the axiom that one thing is not another thing, and, specially, that one self is not another self. My good is my good, and your good is your good. 地狱的全部哲学建立在这样一个公理的认知之上：一个东西不是另一个东西，尤其是一个自我不是另一个自我。我的好处是我的好处，你的好处是你的好处。”
Letter 19: True Love and Falling in Love
史鳖头承认'坠入爱河'是上帝的发明，魔鬼对此束手无策。但可以利用的是：让人以为爱的感觉就是爱的全部，当感觉消退时便放弃承诺。
Screwtape admits 'falling in love' is God's invention, and devils are powerless against it. But they can exploit the belief that the feeling of love IS love—so when feelings fade, commitment is abandoned.
“Being in love is a good thing, but it is not the best thing. It is a noble feeling, but still a feeling. 坠入爱河是好事，但不是最好的事。它是一种高尚的感情，但终究只是一种感情。”
Letter 20: Possessiveness and Self
让病人培养'我的时间'、'我的权利'的观念。当人觉得某样东西属于'自己'时，他就开始抗拒上帝对他整个生命的主权。所有权意识是通往骄傲的大门。
Cultivate the patient's sense of 'my time,' 'my rights.' When someone feels something is 'theirs,' they begin resisting God's sovereignty over their whole life. Possessiveness is the gateway to pride.
“The sense of ownership in general is always to be encouraged. 一般而言，所有权意识总是应该被鼓励的。”
Letter 21: The Illusion of Ownership
史鳖头进一步发展所有权主题：'我的身体'、'我的生命'——这些观念让人忘记一切都属于上帝。人越觉得自己'拥有'东西，就越远离真正的感恩和顺服。
Screwtape develops the ownership theme: 'my body,' 'my life'—these notions make people forget everything belongs to God. The more one feels 'ownership,' the further from true gratitude and obedience.
“Men are not angered by mere misfortune but by misfortune conceived as injury. And the sense of injury depends on the feeling that a legitimate claim has been denied. 人不会因单纯的不幸而愤怒，而是因被视为不公的不幸而愤怒。而不公的感觉取决于觉得一个合理的权利被剥夺了。”
Letter 22: The Dangerous Woman
病人爱上了一个真正敬虔的基督徒女孩及她的家庭。史鳖头对此极为不安——这个女人的信仰、她家庭的温暖和真实的基督徒生活对魔鬼的工作构成严重威胁。
The patient falls in love with a genuinely devout Christian girl and her family. Screwtape is deeply alarmed—her faith, her family's warmth, and authentic Christian living pose a serious threat to the devil's work.
“This is one of the most dangerous types — the sort of woman who has a sort of settled, luminous faith. 这是最危险的类型之一——那种拥有沉稳、明亮信仰的女人。”
Letter 23: Spiritual Fashion
史鳖头讨论如何利用'历史上的耶稣'运动和不断变化的神学时尚来动摇信仰。让信徒追随潮流而非追随基督，把新奇当作真理。
Screwtape discusses exploiting the 'Historical Jesus' movement and shifting theological fashions to shake faith. Make believers follow trends rather than Christ, confusing novelty with truth.
“We direct the fashionable outcry of each generation against those vices of which it is least in danger and fix its approval on the virtue nearest to that vice which we are trying to make endemic. 我们引导每一代人的时髦抗议指向他们最不会犯的恶行，并让他们赞美与我们试图使之流行的恶行最接近的美德。”
Letter 24: Spiritual Pride
病人成为了小群体的一员，开始对'普通基督徒'产生优越感。史鳖头教导如何培养属灵精英主义——让信徒自以为属于'内圈'而鄙视他人。
The patient joins an exclusive circle and develops superiority over 'ordinary Christians.' Screwtape teaches cultivating spiritual elitism—making the believer feel he belongs to an 'inner ring' and despise others.
“Your patient, thanks to Our Father Below, is a fool. 多亏了我们在下的父，你的病人是个傻瓜。”
Letter 25: The Same Old Thing
史鳖头论述人类对新奇事物的渴望。魔鬼利用人追求'新鲜感'的心理——让信徒对真理产生厌倦，不断寻找新的刺激而非在已知真理中深深扎根。
Screwtape discusses humanity's craving for novelty. Devils exploit the desire for 'something new'—making believers bored with truth, always seeking fresh stimulation rather than deepening in known truth.
“The horror of the Same Old Thing is one of the most valuable passions we have produced in the human heart. 对千篇一律的恐惧是我们在人心中培养出的最有价值的情感之一。”
Letter 26: Unselfishness
史鳖头揭示一种微妙的夫妻游戏：双方都假装无私，实际上都在操控对方。'你想怎样都好'成了一种被动攻击的武器。虚假的无私比真正的自私更难对付。
Screwtape reveals a subtle marital game: both partners pretend to be unselfish while actually manipulating each other. 'Whatever you want, dear' becomes a weapon of passive aggression. False unselfishness is harder to combat than honest selfishness.
“She wants him to make a fuss. He wants her to learn to like what he likes. 她想让他大惊小怪一番。他想让她学会喜欢他所喜欢的。”
Letter 27: The 'Real' Self
史鳖头教导如何歪曲信徒对祷告的理解。让他纠结于'哪个版本的自己在祷告'，而非简单地向上帝倾心。过度的自我分析成为灵命的障碍。
Screwtape teaches how to distort the believer's understanding of prayer. Make him worry about 'which version of himself is praying' instead of simply pouring out his heart to God. Excessive self-analysis becomes a spiritual obstacle.
“If you tried to fix your attention on your own mind, you would find only a confusion and darkness. 如果你试图把注意力集中在自己的心灵上，你只会发现混乱和黑暗。”
Letter 28: Exploiting Decline
随着战争继续，史鳖头讨论如何利用长期的疲惫和不确定。让信徒在漫长的等待中失去盼望，把注意力从永恒转向暂时的困境。
As war drags on, Screwtape discusses exploiting prolonged fatigue and uncertainty. Make the believer lose hope in long waiting, shifting attention from eternity to temporal hardships.
“It does not matter how small the sins are provided that their cumulative effect is to edge the man away from the Light. 罪有多小并不重要，只要它们的累积效果是让这个人一点点远离光。”
Letter 29: Cowardice Revisited
史鳖头指导在危险时刻如何攻击信徒。最好的策略是让恐惧变成怯懦，然后让怯懦变成仇恨——恨自己、恨别人、恨上帝。
Screwtape instructs on attacking believers in moments of danger. The best strategy: let fear become cowardice, then let cowardice become hatred—of self, others, and God.
“In peace we can make many of them ignore good and evil entirely... war makes death real. 在和平时期我们能让许多人完全忽视善恶……战争使死亡变得真实。”
Letter 30: Fatigue and Sincerity
史鳖头讨论身体疲劳对灵魂的影响。极度疲惫时，人容易做出平时不会做的选择。但他警告：疲劳也可能带来一种虚弱中的真诚，使人更依赖上帝。
Screwtape discusses how physical fatigue affects the soul. In extreme exhaustion, people make choices they normally wouldn't. But he warns: fatigue can also bring sincerity in weakness, drawing people closer to God.
“Fatigue can produce extreme gentleness, and quiet of mind, and even something like vision. 疲劳可以产生极度的温柔、心灵的宁静，甚至某种类似异象的东西。”
Letter 31: The Patient's Death and Eternal Life
病人在空袭中死亡，灵魂归于上帝。史鳖头暴怒——蛆蠕彻底失败了。路易斯以极美的笔触描写病人从死亡进入荣耀的瞬间：他终于看见了一直信靠的那位。蛆蠕将受到地狱的惩罚。
The patient dies in an air raid and his soul goes to God. Screwtape is furious—Wormwood has utterly failed. Lewis beautifully describes the patient's moment of passing from death to glory: he finally sees the One he had always trusted. Wormwood will face hell's punishment.
“He saw Him. This animal, this thing begotten in a bed, could look on Him. What is blinding, suffocating fire to you, is now cool light to him, is clarity itself. 他看见了他。这个动物，这个在床上生出来的东西，竟能注视他。对你来说是令人目眩、窒息的火焰，对他来说现在是清凉的光，是清明本身。”
“He got through so easily! ... All the delights of sense, or heart, or intellect, with which you could once have tempted him, even the delights of virtue itself, now seemed to him in comparison but as the half nauseous attractions of a raddled harlot. 他竟然那么容易就过去了！……你曾经可以用来引诱他的一切感官、情感或智识的乐趣，甚至美德本身的乐趣，在对比之下，对他来说都不过是一个浓妆老妓令人作呕的魅力。”