文本完整性：圣经与古兰经的对比

核心论证 Core Argument

穆斯林常攻击圣经的文本完整性，同时声称古兰经完全没有变化。但历史事实更加复杂。圣经方面：我们有超过5800份希腊文新约手稿，可以通过文本批判重建原文到极高精度。古兰经方面：第三任哈里发奥斯曼在约公元650年下令编纂标准版本时，命令烧毁所有其他版本。早期穆斯林文献记载了几位圣伴（如伊本·马斯欧德、乌拜·伊本·卡卜）拥有与奥斯曼标准版不同的古兰经版本。2015年伯明翰大学发现的古兰经手稿的碳-14测定可能早于穆罕默德的传统年代，引发了关于古兰经成书过程的新问题。

Muslims often attack biblical textual integrity while claiming the Quran has remained completely unchanged. But historical facts are more complex. For the Bible: we have over 5,800 Greek NT manuscripts, enabling textual criticism to reconstruct the original with extremely high precision. For the Quran: when the third Caliph Uthman compiled the standard version around AD 650, he ordered all other versions burned. Early Islamic sources record that several Companions (Ibn Masud, Ubayy ibn Kab) possessed Quran versions differing from Uthman's standard. The 2015 Birmingham Quran manuscript's carbon-14 dating potentially predates Muhammad's traditional timeline, raising new questions about the Quran's composition process.