十字架受难：历史确定性对比古兰经的否认

核心论证 Core Argument

古兰经4:157声称耶稣没有被钉十字架，而是“有人被变成他的样子替他受死”。然而，耶稣死于十字架刑是古代史上最确定的事实之一。不仅四卷福音书一致记载，而且多位非基督教的古代史家也独立证实：犹太史家约瑟夫（约公元93年）、罗马史家塔西佗（约公元116年）、甚至犹太拉比传统（塔木德）都提到耶稣被处死。即使是最怀疑的批判学者也不否认耶稣被钉十字架的历史性。古兰经写成于事件发生后约600年，却否认一个被同时代多方来源确认的历史事实，这严重损害了它的可信度。

Quran 4:157 claims Jesus was not crucified but someone was made to resemble him. Yet Jesus' death by crucifixion is one of the most certain facts of ancient history. Not only do all four Gospels record it consistently, but multiple non-Christian ancient sources independently confirm it: Jewish historian Josephus (c. AD 93), Roman historian Tacitus (c. AD 116), and even the Jewish rabbinic tradition (Talmud) mention Jesus' execution. Even the most skeptical critical scholars do not deny the historicity of the crucifixion. The Quran, written about 600 years after the event, denies a historical fact confirmed by multiple contemporary sources, seriously undermining its credibility.