苦难：佛教与基督教的不同回应

核心论证 Core Argument

佛教将苦（dukkha）视为生存的根本特征，其原因是渴爱（tanha）和执着，解决方案是通过八正道消除渴爱、达到涅槃（苦的止息）。基督教承认苦难的现实性，但给出不同的诊断和处方：苦难的根源不是欲望本身，而是人对上帝的叛逆（罪）导致世界偏离了上帝的原初设计。解决方案不是消除所有欲望、退出世界，而是上帝亲自进入世界的苦难——在耶稣基督的十字架上，上帝承担了苦难的终极重量。基督教的盼望不是逃离此世达到虚无的平静，而是上帝将更新万物，在新天新地中消除一切苦难（启示录21:4）。

Buddhism views suffering (dukkha) as a fundamental characteristic of existence, caused by craving (tanha) and attachment; the solution is eliminating craving through the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana (cessation of suffering). Christianity acknowledges suffering's reality but offers a different diagnosis and prescription: suffering's root is not desire itself but humanity's rebellion against God (sin), which has distorted the world from God's original design. The solution is not eliminating all desires and withdrawing from the world, but God Himself entering the world's suffering — on the Cross, God bore suffering's ultimate weight. Christian hope is not escaping this world into a void of peace, but God renewing all things, eliminating all suffering in the new heavens and new earth (Revelation 21:4).